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Topics such as military tribunals, same-sex marriage, informative privacy, reproductive rights, affirmative action, and states' rights fill the landscape of contemporary legal debate and media discussion, and they all fall under the umbrella of the Due Process Clauses of the United States Constitution. However, what is not always fully understood is the constitutional basis of these rights, or the exact list of due process rights as they have evolved over time through judicial interpretation. In The Arc of Due Process in American Constitutional Law, Sullivan and Massaro describe the intricate.

From the ancient origins of Just War doctrine to contemporary theories of punishment, concepts of proportionality have long been an instrumental part of the rule of law and an essential check on government power. Two renowned legal scholars seek to advance such a theory

In Proportionality Principles in American Law, E. Thomas Sullivan and Richard S. Frase advance a general theory of proportionality for the American legal system. They argue that standards of review should be more clearly and precisely defined, and that in most circumstances every intrusive government measure which limits or threatens individual rights should undergo some degree of proportionality review. The authors identify three basic ways that government measures and private remedies have been found to be disproportionate and use this framework to examine contemporary and potential uses of proportionality principles in public law, civil liberties, and the criminal justice system, emphasizing their utility to guide judicial review of excessive government measures.